Kota Gangga Ayu - Spacelink

CASE & PRECEDENT STUDIES FOR KOTA GANGGA AYU- JOHOR LAMA HERITAGE AND TOURISM COMPLEX

CASE & PRECEDENT STUDIES FOR 

KOTA GANGGA AYU-

JOHOR LAMA HERITAGE AND 

TOURISM COMPLEX

STRUCTURE OF KOTA GANGGA AYU-JOHOR LAMA HERITAGE AND TOURISM COMPLEX

STRUCTURE OF KOTA GANGGA AYU-JOHOR LAMA HERITAGE 

AND TOURISM COMPLEX

i.                     Chapter One - Introduction

The introduction chapter will be discussing on the significance of selecting this topic by highlighting on the research background and issues arise that related to the topic. This chapter also will introduced the research aim and objectives, and scope of research as a guideline to achieve the desired outcomes from this research. In addition, the general idea of this research is being explained through the research methodology and the structure of research.

ii.                  Chapter Two – Literature Review

In this chapter, a few aspects of literature reviews are done to help further understand matters related to the project. This information is vital in order to start with the design process and fully understand the needs of culture centre and the youth interest. Studies then will be further understanding the definition of cultural and recreational activities to determine the target groups and end-users of the building. Furthermore, a study will be done to further recognize the existing culture activities in Johor Lama and the development have been done.

iii.                Chapter Three – Precedent and Case Study

Under this chapter, the precedent and case study are done in order determine the standards as guidelines in determining the proposed building design. . The study maybe a direct study of an existing building typology and may also be on a building of similar functions and purposes. In this chapter, several buildings will be selected as the case and precedent studies to serve as a design basis for this proposed project of the Kota Gangga Ayu – Johor Lama Heritage and Tourism Centre.

iv.                Chapter Four – Site Analysis and Synthesis

This chapter will discuss on the analysis and synthesis of the proposed site for Heritage and Tourism Centre beginning with the general introductory to the site of Kota Johor Lama and moving on to the description of the proposed site. In order to the deep understanding throughout this chapter, site condition, opportunities, weakness and threats on the site condition, opportunities, weakness and threats on the site will be analyzed. The gathered data from the findings and synthesis will provide the basis to support the design brief, architectural solutions.

v.                  Chapter Five – Design Brief

This design brief establishes the design objectives and requirements that need consideration during the design process. This chapter is crucial as it will be formulated to meet the aspiration from the client, responsive to current conditions and also future expectation of the proposed project to achieve the project objectives. The brief is formulated to provide general guidelines that are to be applied in the design stage. Also taken into consideration are the requirements and needs of the client which will be identified in this chapter and to be made parallel to the aim and objectives of this thesis.

vi.                Chapter Six – Design Development

This chapter will explain briefly about the design development of proposed Kota Gangga Ayu – Johor Lama Heritage and Tourism Centre. The idea and concept for this project will include in this section on how the architectural ideas and design solving the problem faced. Thus, the design brief would be the main guidelines as it was formulated as explained in the previous chapter to deliver the design thesis objective into reality.

vii.              Chapter Seven – Special Studies

This chapter will focus on the detail study of the resiptory area for the tombs, and others materials. From the design idea on the chapter before, some details about resiptory workshop design will be elaborated in this study on howto achieve  the aim and objective of this project. This study is a practical guideline in understanding the process of each craft making in order to create such a comfort environment to the staff, workers and public.

viii.            Chapter Eight – Structure and Services

In this chapter, it explains on the construction system that used for the building and also the services system. Structure and services are two main components in any construction projects. The building structure ensures adequate and reliable support system for daily activities of a dense population to be done. It becomes increasingly crucial as a safety of many lives depends on it. There are also other factors that influence its selection such as cost and functionality.

ix.                Chapter Nine – Building Economics

This chapter is analyzing the cost estimation for the development of the building. Cost is one of the most important influences in any architectural project. The strategies, processes and estimation in terms of costing will be discussed in this chapter.

x.                  Chapter Ten – Conclusion

In this chapter, all of the research that has been done will be concluded based on the findings and the result will determined the successful of the project. Furthermore, this chapter also explains on the design solution architecturally and some solution and design strategies will be discussed. Thus, some recommendation will be highlighted in order achieve a good design of the Kota Gangga Ayu – Johor Lama Heritage and Tourism Centre

Artist Impression-JOHOR LAMA MASTERPLAN DURING SULTAN ALAUDDIN RIAYAT SYAH

Discovery!

Based on the research of the paperwork regarding about Kota Johor Lama as attached the link below, I have make some sketch about the design of  the masterplan in sketch and add some detail on photoshop.

Key Point For Redevelopment of Kota Johor Lama

The brief about Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah

Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah

Artist Impression-JOHOR LAMA MASTERPLAN DURING SULTAN ALAUDDIN RIAYAT SYAH

1528 - 1564 Paduka Sri Sultan 'Ala ud-din Ri'ayat Shah II Zilu'llah fil'Alam Khalifat ul-Mukminin ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah

1528 - 1564 Paduka Sri Sultan 'Ala ud-din Ri'ayat Shah II Zilu'llah fil'Alam Khalifat ul-Mukminin ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah

1528 - 1564 Paduka Sri Sultan 'Ala ud-din Ri'ayat Shah II Zilu'llah fil'Alam Khalifat ul-Mukminin ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah [al-Marhum Sayyid Mangkat di-Aceh], Sultan of Johor Dar-ul-Izam.b. at Kopak, 1513, third son of H.H. Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Ala ud-din Ri'ayat Shah Shah, al-Mu'azzam al-Malik al-Mukarram zilallah fi'l Alam, Sultan of Malacca and of Johor, by his sixth wife, Tun Fatima binti Tun Mutahir, Raja Perempuan, educ. privately. Granted the title of Raja Kechil Besar at birth. Appointed as Heir Apparent by his father (displacing his elder brother Muzaffar) and raised to joint sovereign rank as Sultan Muda 'Ala ud-din Ri'ayat Shah at the age of 40 days. Succeeded on the deposition of his father, 1528. Driven out of Kampar by the Portuguese and established his capital on the Johor river. m. at Pekan Lama, 1529, Raja Kesuma Devi, younger daughter of Paduka Sri Sultan Mansur ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad, Sultan of Pahang. He d. at Pasir Raja, Johor Lama, 1564 (bur. Makam Tujuh, Kota Sayong), having had issue, two sons and two daughters:

• 1) Raja Muzaffar [Radin Bahar], who succeeded as, Paduka Sri Sultan Muzaffar Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Ala ud-din Ri'ayat Shah, Khalifat ul-Mukminin Zilu'llah fil'Alam, Sultan of Johor Dar-ul-Izam (s/o Kesuma Devi) - see below. Copyright© Christopher Buyers
• 2) Raja Mahmud ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Ala ud-din Ri'ayat Shah, Raja Kechil Besar (s/o Puspa Devi). m. Raja Putri Khadija binti al-Marhum Sultan Zainal-Abidin Shah, eldest daughter of Paduka Sri Sultan Zainal-Abidin Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah, Sultan of Pahang, by his first wife, Raja Devi binti al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah, daughter of Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Ala ud-din Shah, Sultan of Malacca and of Johor. He d. at Pekan Lama, Pahang.
• 1) Raja Putri Fatima binti al-Marhum Sultan Ala ud-din Ri'ayat Shah (d/o Kesuma Devi). m. (first) Paduka Sri Sultan Mansur Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Zainal-Abidin Shah, Sultan of Pahang (d. 1560), eldest son of Paduka Sri Sultan Zainal-Abidin Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah, Sultan of Pahang, by his first wife, Raja Devi, daughter of Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Ala' ud-din Shah, Sultan of Malacca and Johor- see Malaysia (Pahang). m. (second) Paduka Sri Sultan ul-Ajalla' 'Abdu'l Jalil Shah II bin Raja Ahmad, Sultan of Johor Dar-ul-Izam, son of Raja Ahmad bin Raja Muhammad, Raja of Trengganu, by his wife, Raja Kamala Devi, daughter of Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan 'Ala ud-din Ri'ayat Shah Shah, Sultan of Malacca and of Johor. She d. at Bukit Seluyut (bur. there), having had issue - see below.
• 2) A daughter. m. Maulana Paduka Sri Sultan Mansur Shah I, Sultan of Perak (d. at Kota Lama Kanan, 1577), eldest son of Maulana Paduka Sri Sultan Muzaffar Shah I ibni al-Marhum Paduka Sri Sultan Mahmud Shah, Sultan of Perak, by his second wife, a Perak princess, daughter of Sultan Mughal, Sultan of Perak. She had issue, three sons and thirteen daughters - see Malaysia (Perak).

Retrieved exclusively from http://www.royalark.net/Malaysia/malacca4.htm

Lirik lagu Tanjung Puteri

Tanjung Puteri(Sumber:kesultanan johor)

Lirik lagu Tanjung Puteri

Tajuk Johor Tanjung Puteri

Selat Tebrau airnya biru

Di Pantai Lido tepian mandi

Sepanjang masa di hari minggu

Atas bukit Tanjung Puteri

Taman hiburan indah berseri

Pemandangan menawan hati

Jalan tambak hubungan negeri

( korus )

Tanjung Sekijang nun di kuala

Tempat nelayan mengail gelama

Istana Hinggap di Kuala Danga

Pantai berkelah keluarga diraja

Dari Tebrau orang berakit

Singgah Stulang membeli kopi

Pusara Si Bongkok di lereng bukit

Di tepi pantai Tanjung Puteri

KEY POINT FOR THE REDEVELOPMENT OF KOTA JOHOR LAMA

KEY POINT FOR THE REDEVELOPMENT OF KOTA JOHOR LAMA

THE KINGDOM OF JOHOR, 1641-1728: A STUDY OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE STRAITS OF MALACCA

A Thesis

Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School

of Cornell University for the Degree of

Doctor of Philosophy

by

Leonard Yuzon Andaya

December, 1971

Page 244

To complicate matters for the Raja Muda, at about 11 o’clock in the morning of 13 March 1709, fire broke out in an atap hut where someone was cooking banana fritters and spread throughout the entire city until Panchor was reduced to a heap of ashes. The fire lasted for five or six hours and consumed 3°0 wooden and atap houses, including the Sultan's istana. The loss of the istana was especially painful because it had been only recently built and was quite a magnificent edifice. According to the Hikayat Negri Johor it was 192 feet in length, with a wooden roof, walls and columns made of carved wood, and the doors inlaid and outlined in ivory.^ The fort, the gunpowder magazine which contained 2000 pounds of gunpowder, and all the houses of the Orang Kaya, except the Laksamana's, were burned down

Page 112

The destruction and "miraculous" recovery of Johor in 1673 are reported in the contemporary VOC records, but they are plainly illusions conjured up by Dutch observers. The latter attempted to report activities in the Malay arena in absolute and quantitative terms without any understanding of the power structure within Johor and the functions and the character of a capital of a far-flung maritime kingdom such as Johor. The capital was merely the residence of the ruler; except perhaps for the ruler’s balai and the mosque, the rest of the capital was mainly atap - built houses on stilts which could be destroyed and rebuilt with very little effort. Mobility characterized the populations of these settlements, and it was not uncommon to have entire settlements move from one site to another with little detectable upheaval. When a ruler decided that a site was inauspicious as a result of sickness, fire, or war, he would then change his residence and thereby cause an entire settlement to abandon its atap houses, fruit trees, and crops, and move on. It occurred frequently in the history of Johor because the kingdom was vast and encompassed both the Malay peninsula and east coast Sumatra, as well as the islands off these areas. All of these places offered a potential site for the new capital of a Johor ruler.

FEDERATION MUSEUMS

JOURNAL

VOLOME X NEW SERIES

I'

For 1965

JOHORE LAMA EXCAVATIONS, 1960 \

by

WILHELM G. SOLHEIM II

AND

ERNESTENE GREEN

Page 2

During excavation and restoration of the fort, some time was spent in exploration of the total fortified area and the immediate neighbourhood of Johore Lama as well as other historic sites farther up the Johore River. In the exploration of the fortified area an unusual grass covered mound was discovered in the east corner of the general area considered by Gibson-Hill as the possible site of the palace.

Page 3

The city of Johare Lama consisted of two parts at this time, the kampong called "Corritao," a suburb located on a protrusion of land extending into the Johore River, east of the mouth of the Johore Lama River, and the fortified

portion of the city, west of the kampong. The fortified section was a roughly rectangular earth-walled area with an entrance on the west, the side toward the Corritao. The strong point of the walled area was a fort located on a point

of land extending slightly into the Johore River. This point was called Kota Batu and the fort was named Tanjong Batu. The fort, however, was on the east side of the city, the opposite side from the Corritao suburb. Portuguese accounts mention the artillery which defendants of Johore Lama possessed. Not only were muskets mentioned, but also bronze cannons of the types called Moorish basilisk, serpent, lion, large camel, camellete, and falcon. Many of these were housed in the fort, as this was the city's strong point.

Page 5

Johore Lama consists of two parts:' a suburb called the Corritao or Kampong Johore Lama, located southeast of the mouth of the Johore Lama River, a tributary of the Johore River, and northwest of the walled portion of the city; and the fortified portion, a roughly rectangular-shaped area bounded on the west, north, east and southeast by ridges representing the original earth wall surrounding the city (Map 1). During occupation the earth wall extended along

the south side of the city also, but now has fallen into the Johore River. This fortified area extends diagonally between two low hills. The southern limit is on the crest of Kota Batu hill, where the coastline forms a point projecting into the Johore River. This combination of hill and projection into the river makes the point a lookout spot, and it is here that the fort, Tanjong Batu, was built. The northern limit of the fortified area is on the tip of another low hill. The main portion of the fortified area is on the saddle between these two hills and between this and the river bank.

ISLAMIC ART IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 830 A.D - 1570 A.D

A Thesis

Presented to the Fine Arts Department, the graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillments of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of the History of Art

Harvard University

Cambridge, Massachusetts

by

Zakaria bin Ali

February, 1990

Page 104

The Islamization of Johore was probably initiated by the influx of Malays from Malacca. Before departing for the Johor River. Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah stopped at Pahang, where the Sultan gave a former palace and the Bendahara and others dignitaries a house each. After the stay, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah and his entrouge headed for the Johor estuary, encamped at the mouth of Sering River, an tributary of the Johor River in 1530A.D, 

Gambar berkaitan Johor Lama Siri 1

Pintu Gerbang Kedua masuk ke Tapak Johor Lama dan juga muzium

Laluan pejalan kaki untuk ke muzium

Plat dari pintu masuk pertama

Laluan ke Makam Pembesar

Makam Pembesar di sebelah Muzium Johor Lama

Pandangan perspektif ke arah Muzium Johor Lama

Pintu Gerbang ke Muzium Johor Lama

Data kehadiran Pelancong ke Muzium Kota Johor Lama 2014

Johor Lama Excavation Report by Wilhelm G. Solheim & Ernestene Green

As I need to search about the fort of Kota Johor Lama, I have found report about
the excavations and I thinks its only report that are available in the library but
I search only in Malaysia. These is a copy image of the website


These report have help me to have deep understanding about the boundary of
the fort which is about 100 hectars.

These is the full report of the Johore Lama Excavation 1960

First Crit

These is my board for first critics, all my issues, objectives and 

aims have been put together, these are also my case 

studies from Malay Heritage Centre etc. 

 First Board

Second Board

After the critics, I have been advises to make deep research about the 

fort itself and make a draft for masterplan

Quite challenging right?

I hope I can make it.

Panorama Photo of Johor Lama

View to the Kota Johore Lama

View from the entrence of Kota Johor Lama

View to additional car parks

View to Sungai Johor. Notice on the Senai-Desaru Expressway

Main Road to the existing museum

View to the jungle

View to the Jalan Kota Lama

Brief Summary of Kota Johor lama

Brief Summary of Kota Johor lama

1) Issue

Lack Of Exposure towards the heritage of Johor Lama with the compliment of water activities which give tourist possibilities to have a worth journey.

2) Problems

i. Exposure: There is no centralized centre that exposes historic part of Johor Lama

ii. Facilities:      The existing heritage activities are needs of expansion

iii. Activities:     As the tourist come to the area, there have difficulties to spend whole day at the locations which brings no attraction to the area. 

3) Problems

i. The tourist needs to be shown the interactive design that can improve their knowledge. 

ii. The existing space of Johor Lama Museum is too small to cater the needs of the area. 

iii. Lack of supporting activities that can help tourists to understand and learn more on the heritage in the entertainment way.

 

4) Aims

To design a heritage centre that integrates the existing museum with the compliments of the water activities which provide comfort and worthy experiences towards the community and end users. 

Johor Lama Chronology

Firstly, we need to know about the chronologhy of Johor Lama. Based on the ancient books, these is what I have come out about the flow of Kota Johor Lama

Johor Lama Chronology

Ancient Johor

11^th century AD – Johor Lama have been written as Wura-Wuri which means in old Javanese words as “clear water”

13^th century AD – In Malay annals wrote about the story of Badang, the decent man with extreme strength whose work with Sri Rama Wira Kerma, ruler of Temasik from the area of Sayong.

1435AD – Written in Malay Annals that Raja Suran after he conquered Gangganagara (Singapura), he had travelled on some while and come back to Gangganagara. In the inscription say that it was a large country with a fort of black stone and reach until Johor river.

Johor Sultanate

1528AD – Sultan AlauddinRiayatSyah founding the Johor Lama

1535AD - Estevao da Gama, Leader of Malacca Portuguese attacked Johor Lama with 15 boats and 400 army, Sultan have move to Sayong.

1540AD – Sultan Alauddin come back to Johor Lama and built the city in Johor Lama

1564AD - SultanMuzaffar have been appointed as 3^rd Sultan of Johor at Johor Lama but died in battle with acheh in 1570AD

1570AD –Sultan Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II had been appointed as 4^th Sultan of Johor in Seluyut but come back building empire in Johor Lama in 1574AD

1576AD –Attack from Portuguese but fail

1578AD – Again attack from Portuguese but fail

1586AD –Portuguese conquer Johor Lama after great battle with Johor army.

1587AD – Sultan Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II open attacking Malacca as Portuguese focus their battalion at the Sungai Johor and take back Johor Lama.

August 1987AD – Portuguese conquer back Johor Lama with the aids from Goa and Sultan Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II run to BatuSawar and died there.

City without Sultan

1604AD – Andre Fartado, one of the asia’s Portuguese leader have come to Johor Lama for the preservation and for the measurement of these heritage area.

1695AD –Alexander Hamilton recorded that Johor Lama have become the city of traders which among the trades is mines, elephants, dry coconut etc. but not for the Sultan

Archeology

1900AD – After being abandoned without any historical milage, Museum Department have come to the area to excavate the archeloghy that have been buried at that area and have been preserved accordingly until now.

During its peak time of Johor Sultanate time, Portuguese inscription had recorded that Johor Lama is a beautiful city located at the hill surrounding with the strong woods and it’s have strong stone city.

References:

Sejarah Johor, Haji BuyongAdil, 1980

Johor:Dahuludansekarang: Abdullah Zakaria , 1994

A History of Johore: R.O. Windstedt, 1932

Its about the road to Bachelor of Architecture

Assalamualaikum,

These is my first post about my development in my thesis of Johor Lama. As Johor Lama is not a prominent historical names in line with the Melaka or Penang, Hopefully, these blog can help others in researching these materials about these beautiful places.

I hope that I can upload all my works in these blogs as I believe there are many people especially Malaysians whose eager in know about Malaysia.

As Architecture students, these is the task that I need to develop these area into the heritage and tourism centre. So hopefully, there readers can see whats the vision of me in developing these places into a memorable area.

Thanks for visiting my blog. Happy reading

Muazan Mahbol
16 October 2014